Beckett vs Needlewheel Skimmer

acrylic51

Active Member
This post isn't to start and argument of any type.......I found this information while researching skimmers and such, and feel it might be useful to some of you in a tug of war with the skimmer decision....I know I was it took me roughly 6 months, and then still kept changing my mind for various reasons....
The information comes from and article in FAMA magazine one of my favorites and the author of the article is Dan Theisen.
This article will look at two types of high-efficient skimmers that utilize completely different means to create foam. One uses a pump with a secial impeller caled a "needle wheel" to churn air and water into a fine mixture. the other uses a combination of a strong pump and aspecial type of injector to mix airr and water. These injectors are often referred to as "Becketts" after the company that is a major manufacturer of these items....
There are numberous companies manufacturing "Beckett skimmers" including Myreefcreations, Precision Marine, Lifereef. For the needle wheel skimmers BubbleKing, Deltec, ASM, and EuroReef. These style skimmers have been widely used in Europe for a while nw, and the first company to produce and sell them in the United States is EuroReef. They are the largest manufacturer of these skimmers.
There are other types of skimmers that don't use a needle wheel, or a beckett injector. Some of the ventui, downdraft, High-Speed Aeration, and other injector based skimmers are very effective at removing waste.
Both Beckett based skimmers and needle wheels are capable of producing large quantities of dark smelly skimmate.....I know what you are thinking...which one has more raw skimming power? The Beckett skimmers have he edge.
A needle wheel skimmer puts the venturi valve before the intake of the pump. As opposd to the exhaust where it is traditionally located. This allows boh water and air to be drawn into the pump where it is chopped up by the impeller. the real key to this filter is the specalized impeller. The needle wheel impeller is covered in needles. As the impeller spins, the needles break up the incoming air into tiny mirobubbles. It is thes million of tiny bubbles that make for such and effective skimmer......
the Beckett injector is basically a turbo charged venturi. Waer is pushed up and around a ball. This creaes a pressure differential that allows air to be drawn in through multiple small holes. (a standard venturi does not use a ball,and only has one air inlet). These foaming heads were designed to aerate ponds, but have been adapted to run protein skimmers. The Beckett skimmer uses a pressure rated pump to push water through the injector and into an acrylic box that acts s the reaction chamber. A baffle inside the box directs the bbbles upward where they create anice foam inside the riser tubes.
As perviously state, both types of skimmers are highly effective at removing waste from your sytem. If you talk to people who have owned both most will tell you a Beckett skimmr has a pretty good edge when it comes to raw power. Having seen both in operation I would certainly concur. The Becketts seem to produce a taller head of foam in the riser, and more skimmate in the collection cup.
 

acrylic51

Active Member
Part 2.
One reason Becketts seem more powerful is because they are. Becketts operate best using a pump that can push 1000gph +, and stand up against backpressure. by comparison, a needle wheel uses asubmersible pump usually ratd between 350 to 500 gph. Both skimmers pump much less water than what the are rated for. This is caused by the flow restriction created by the Beckett injector, and the venturi action of the needle wheel. I've measured 300 gph coming out of my Euroreef. Te ppump on this skimmer is rated for 500 gph. I've heard estimates for Becketts in the range of 400 to 500gph, depending on the pump. Since the Beckett skimmer is processing more water in a given timeframe, there is more opportunity for waste removal.
Becketts may also have the edge in gas exchange. The water coming out of the Beckett injector is under considerable pressure. Couple this turbulent mix of air and water with the higher rate of turnover and its stands to reason that this would result in better gas exchange (including oxygenation, and off gassing of CO2 and other noxious gasses).
Increases in performance usually come with a cost. The pumps used to operate Becketts consume a bit more energy than a needlewheel, but when you factor in multiple smaller pumps on a given size skimmer to compare to a Beckett skimmer the range again narrows.
The Becket injector produces a bit of noise, but nothing major. It is usually drowned out by all the other noise a reef tank produces. the pump you choose will be the major influence on how loud yourskimmer is. Some are quite noisy! It's a good idea to research your pump choice carefully. The manufacturers all claim their pumps are quiet, but it just doesn't work out this way. Be sure to talk to peopl who have used the pump you are considering.
Needle wheel skimmers are pretty much silent. There can be a waterfall effect if the exhaust is too high above the water level in your ump, but even this can be solvd with some simple plumbing......
So, which skimmer is for you? The bggest question may be whether you need the extra skimmig ower a Beckett skimr will be able to provide. The answer will likely be a reflection of what type of animals you wish to keep, how high of a bioload you carry, how generou you are with the food, and how much time you like to spend fiddling with your tank. If you don't take the time to moitor, and clean the Beckett injector as needed, then your skimmer won't be operating at it's peak performance. You will lose whatever advantage this skimmer might offer you. However, a Beckett skimmer is a powerful tool for maintaining the nutrient poor water required by even the most demanding corals. That being said, and appropriately sized skimmer of either type is suitable for just about any marine system.
Whichever skimmer you decide to go with, be prepared to deal with lots of dark smelly skimate. That's something both skimmers will give you!!!!!!
 

xdave

Active Member
Good article, thanks. Because of the huge difference in retail price versus cost of materials, I usually build my own. Haven't seen a lot of plans for Becketts, but I have seen where you can buy the valves so thats a big start.
 

acrylic51

Active Member
Thanks....Honestly don't think you'll find to many plans DIY on becketts just parts lists....Guys are pretty secretive when it comes to their data as far as building and why, but you'll find some good discussion on the other forum about Becketts.....I'm curious to see the new Dart needlewheel skimmer being worked.....
 

xdave

Active Member
Speaking of inexpensive Beckett skimmers, I found this Tupperware one for a total of $40! (I did not design this)
Click on the little pic to see the full size ones.
The plastic containers used to construct the skimmer column.

I cut a hole in the bottom of the spagetti and spice jars. then used an old toilet cistern outlet seal to connect them together. This has the advantage of being able to dismantle it easily for cleaning of the collection cup. Be careful though, as kitchen plastic, although flexible, tends to shatter if sawn. So I made the cuts using a soldering iron and tidied up the cuts with a small round Dremel sanding tool.
Skimmer column parts assembled.

In my plumbing odds box, I found a sink trap (U) which worked out to be ideal for directing the water/air mixture from the Beckett injector into the skimmer column (aka spagetti jar).
U tube fitting to direct air/water mixture into column.

he sump or base region of the skimmer was made from acrylic, scrap pieces with an outlet bulkhead made from screwing together male and female threaded PVC fittings. A rubber washer was placed between the fittings and the arcylic to seal it.

Assembled skimmer showing path of water flow.

Beckett injectors are supposed to operate with a pump rated at a minimum of 4000 LPH, but by filling the 40mm down tube with bioballs (making bubbles smaller using the downdraft principle), was able to achieve very effective skimming with a 2700 LPH pump.
You may note that my design has "legs" on the ends of the sump. Although this unit has proved to be 100% watertight, the only place it could reside was in the refugium which has a DSB. The legs allow it to sit over the sand without interfering with the function of the DSB. The pump is directly below the overflow from the main tank. The outlet pipe was gradually shortened to find the optimum working level. ( I would simply make two pipes fitting inside eachother so it could be adjusted by raising or lowering the upper half)
This last pic shows the skimmer in action just 10 mins after startup.
 

lion_crazz

Active Member
Very good article, Acrylic. Thanks for posting this!
Skimmers are one area that I am definitely not completely up on, so the more info about different types the better.
 

puffer32

Active Member
I have the Deltec, and like it alot. It is the quietiest skimmer i have ever owned, imortant to me cause my DT is in the family room, and don't like a tank that makes to much noise when the tv is on.
 
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