You can set a bag of ROWAphos on your sand bed of your fuge and it wouldn't hurt anything. Putting one in your canister filter would be a great idea though because you'd get a very high flow of water through it. If you put it in your fuge just know that your chaeto won't grow as fast because it will be competing with the ROWAphos for nutrients. That's not a bad thing though, just means your fuge is now a really good phosphate magnet. I used to pull a big handfull of chaeto out each week. Now I have a good chunk that doesn't grow a whole lot but looks very green and healthy. Just make sure dunk and turn over your chaeto so it doesn't have crap stagnating on top of it and if it looks like you have cyno or something growing on top, pull it off by hand.
Corally, not getting your chaeto to grow is not a bad problem to have. It means you have water that's low in phosphates and nutrients, which is the point of a fuge anyway. If it's growing like a weed like mine used to, it means your water quality isn't so great. My chaeto was growing so fast and my tank still had a bad hair algae problem. The light that came with your fuge is good enough. I think mine is only about 15w and it works great.
Take it as a sign of good water quality.