fluidized reactors force the water from bottom to top of the reactor, and then back into the tank. Doing this suspends the material (like carbon or rowas) in the water, instead of the material just sitting in one lump in a filter or filter bag in a sump (channelling water). By suspending the material, the material does not clump, allows all the material to contact the water and therefore the material is more effective in its job.
I use them, and they are great...