Lophelia pertusa is a stony coral found in deep, dark waters. Thousands of polyps form the coral colonies which can develop large reef frameworks providing a home for many other animals – cold-water coral reefs are local centres of biodiversity.
Species
At depths where most animals would be starved of sunlight,
deep-sea coral reefs are made up of only a few
species. In the North East Atlantic, for example, the
dominant species is Lophelia pertusa, which forms a
complicated structure that provides a home for many
other animals, including sea fans, sponges, worms,
starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, crustaceans and fish.
Several animals bore into the coral skeleton causing it to
fall apart. This provides new surfaces for coral colonization
and enabling the reef to grow. Lophelia colonies can
vary in size enormously from small thickets to giant coral
mounds, and range in color from orange to pink to white.
The number of invertebrate species on Lophelia reefs
can be as high as that found in shallow-water tropical
reefs, although the number of fish species recorded for
individual sites tends to be closer to two or three dozen -
compared to some 3,000 species on reefs in the tropical
Indo-West Pacific region! Lophelia reefs, however, do
attract fish aggregations and serve as an important
spawning and nursery ground for some species. In addition,
a wide variety of marine habitats are found around
the reefs. The sea tends to be rich in wildlife, from
sharks, seals, and cetaceans to commercially important
fish stocks, as well as productive plankton and benthic
communities.