depends on what type of powerheads as well. If you are using propeller types (seio,tunze, hydor koralia, vortech) you will only need one or two depending on size, model and demensions of the tank. If you are using conventional powerheads and want to keep anything.....well lets just say I have a 100g with 2-270gph in the corners, 2-370gph midway between the corners and center and in the center 1-480gph firing one way and 1-600gph firing the other way....that works very well for me but one day I may replace them all with 2 propeller style pumps to save a little on electricity, improved flow patterns (so I hear) and to cut back heat+space in the tank. keep in mind all my pumps together probably cost the same as one Tunze and alot less than one vortech and I'm in no rush to fix what aint broke.