Originally Posted by
sepulatian
http:///forum/post/2551113
Please show us where you are finding this new research.
i am going crazy trying to get back to where i found it. this is somthing i saved
Conclusion
This study confirmed previous observations of aquaculturists that Cryptocaryon irritans may be a serious pathogen of opakapaka. Other parasites such as the coccidians (Goussia spp.), the monogeneans and the copepods should be monitored as related species are already recognized as causes of disease in marine aquaculture. These parasites are monoxenous (one host) parasites and thus may proliferate in or on fish in captivity. Interestingly, the external parasites (Cryptocaryon, monogeneans and copepods) were much more prevalent in fish held in tanks, suggesting that the netpen environment was more favorable for avoiding proliferation of these potential pathogens in captive fish.
Figure 17. Cyst of unknown origin surrounded by metaplastic cartilage [C] in kidney.
Bacterial infections and associated inflammatory changes in the swim bladder were very likely the result of the practice of de-gassing captured fish by insertion of a hypodermic needle into the swim bladder, and thus at this point would be considered as only opportunists.
Likewise, exophthalmia was consistently associated with gas emboli in the eyes, again probably associated with collecting procedures. However, other causes should be considered if this condition arises in captive-reared fish. Blood smears and kidney imprints were for the most part not informative, but they did confirm that fish fish did have exhibit septicemia or obvious blood parasites.
Further studies should entail continued routine diagnostics of moribund and dead fish. Cryptocaryon is already recognized as a health problem with this and other marine fishes held in captivity, and we recommend research on the control of this pathogen. Considering the difficulties with the use of external baths in netpens, we suggest that a long-term solution may be the development of a vaccine for this ciliate parasite. This approach shows promise as significant success for the development of a vaccine has been achieved for Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Clark and Dickerson 1997), Cryptocaryon's freshwater cousin. Moreover, as with Ich, it is already recognized that fish that have recovered from Cryptocaryon infections exhibit resistance to reinfection (Dickerson and Dawe 1999).
Although we have not identified viral diseases in opakapaka to date, it is likely that some viral diseases will afflict this species as culture of this fish moves forward. Therefore, another area of research would be the development of specific cell lines from opakapaka and related fishes. Many fish viruses require rather specific cell lines, and thus have only been isolated using cell lines derived from the host species. Last, it would be worthwhile to describe the coccidians as they may cause problems in the future in this host or related fish species.
