There are several controllers on the market that can monitor most of those parameters, and also serve as light timers, wavemakers, and controllers for devices based on monitored parameters.
The one I am most familiar with is Neptune System's Aquacontroller. It has the ability to monitor temp, pH, and ORP, wavemaking, and light timing. It uses X-10 technology for control, and is modular in terms of how it is put together. The basic controller can be had for about $300, but once X-10 modules and probes are added in, the unit will run about $450-$500. The Pro version of the Aquacontroller is several hundred more, but it has more features and can also measure conductivity and dissolved oxygen.
A company called American Marine makes the Pinpoint brand of monitors and controllers. Their monitors are all seperate units for each parameter, but can measure: pH, ORP, Conductivity, Oxygen, Salinity, and Calcium. Most of these monitors run around $100 with probes, but I know the calcium and oxygen units cost quite a bit more.
I don't know of any product that can measure alkalinity and have read that it is all but impossible to do.