Okay ... guess I'll catch some heat for what I am going to say .... but going to post my comments anyway.
As we all know, a saltwater aquarium is a closed system, whether it's a fish only, fish only with live rock, with or without substrate, DSB or a full blown reef loaded with corals. It's still a closed system. Many hobbyists are striving for a "natural balanced" system of biofiltration and nutrient export. I myself am working towards that end.
But...
In this hobby, we test or measure what ?
Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, Phosphate, Alkalinity, Calcium, pH, Salinity, Carbon Dioxide, ORP, Disolved Oxygen, Copper, Iodine, Strontium, ... etc.
In addition to the above, what other biological/chemical compounds and ions do we NOT test for ? What other undetectable elements that are present in trace amounts are we not measuring?
Plenty are present in a saltwater tank I can assure you, but for most hobbyists, the cost of running these additional tests are not practical.
Foods we feed the tank, animal wastes, plant/algae decomposition and biproducts, other organic materials, undetected heavy metals, additives, supplements .....
What are these concentrations ?
What are the "safe" level of such concentrations ?
Even with the best quality and quantity of live rock present, a wonderful mature biologically diverse and functioning live sand bed, exceptionally productive protein skimming and a refugium allowing additional nutrient export, you will still have an accumulation of chemical compounds in the water over time. To what degree I don't have the answer, but can anyone argue that these compounds will NOT accumulate ?
There's no doubt in my mind that water changes are not only the right thing to do, but that allowing a tank to go on indefinatly without some form of water exchange, will lead to unforseen problems down the road.
How long can you responsibly go without a water change ?
1 year ?
2 years ?
5 years ?
10 years ?
In a closed system, the solution to pollution is dillution.
Nuf said - stepping down now and suiting up my Nomex coveralls for the flames.
Brian