Hi,
This is what I would do, there are many other methods, but one thing is certain, you have a phosphate (PO4) and or Nitrate (NO3) problem.
The reason for water changes is to remove nitrates and phosphates...Since this stuff already has such a foot hold, it's time to bring out the big gun. Get a phosphate remover, I have used Phosban in the past with great results (follow the instructions to the letter). I hate to use chemicals, but that stuff grows super fast. I would do water changes once a week, or even small ones every day until I got it under control. Rinse frozen foods in a fishnet before you feed it to the fish... and if you use flakes, or pellets, stop and change the food.