Not a bad question at all and there are varying opinions on this subject and ardent fans of each philosophy. A QT tank can be a hospital tank or an observation tank or a refuge from other activities. The idea is to separate sick or weak fish from the main community to allow them to recover and/or minimize the chance of spreading disease.
A new fish at the store might have just finished a very stressful journey. Imagine day one being pulled from the waters off Fiji, placed in a bag and flown to LA. Then you go into a tub with many others only to pulled out a day later and put in another bag and sent by plane to NY. Where you are thrown in a tank only to be pulled out an placed in a bag to go to "your" house. Probably hasn't eaten in days (add to waste issues), has been burned some by ammonia and basically scared s*^)*%@$$. This stressed fish is just ready for a pathagen.
So, it hangs out in QT for a while so you can make sure it recovers, eats, etc. And, if it does get sick, you can treat it before it goes in your main system.
Of course there are those who feel that a well balanced system can handle/cure a sick fish as well.
Hope that helps.