TDS is Total Dissolved Solids ~ and is measured with a conductivity meter.
The various stages of our RO or RO/DI units remove solids.
These solids are really just different salts and minerals found in tapwater.
The reading on RO or RO/DI water should be very low when the filtration is working well.
As the filter elements begin to foul, or when the RO membrane starts to fail - the TDS or conductivity reading will rise.
If you don't have access to a conductivity meter, then another way to check the membrane ( RO multistage unit ) is to run an alkalinity test on the output water.
Most of us have these test kits.
New RO water will test very low in carbonates/bicarbonates and total alkaliinity.
As the RO unit begins to fail, the alkalinity will rise as well.