You can't look at CA (Cranking Amps). The other guys replying here are right, you have to use an AC/DC power inverter. They pull a substantial amount of power to run.
Assuming an inverter is 100% efficent for the sake of argument, since you are going from 12 to 120 volts, everything you attach on the AC side will draw 10 times as many amps on the 12 volt side.
So, if you connect 5 amps worth of aquarium equipment, you're talking 50 amps from the battery. All car batteries are not rated for a continuous moderate drain like that, they are rated just as you stated, in cold craking amps. A better battery to use would be a deep cycle marine battery, the type used for running trolling motors and such in boats. Those batteries are designed specifically for what you are trying to do. When it comes down to it, I doubt a race car battery would work any better than a car battery. They just won't perform well in this application.
Incidentally, you can about forget about running a chiller off such a setup.
I personally am of the school of thought that building an emergency power system like this is like trying to build your own chiller. In the end, you'll spend almost as much and have something that doesn't work nearly as well as a commercially bought solution. You've also go to figure ongoing costs, like maintaining the battery. I'd take Mitzel's solution and look online and in the paper for used generators. They have limitless run time, can run other critical stuff at the same time, such as your fridge and furnace, and are far more reliable. If you are good with small engines, you can get a dead one for 40-50 dollars and repair it. That's what I did.
If you are set on doing things yourself though, I have a solution you might like. Use your car. Get yourself the AC/DC inverter and a long extension cord. When the power goes out, pop your hood, connect the clamps to your car battery, and run the cord inside from the inverter. Then you can just keep your car running. The car will keep the battery charged and the inverter running indefinitely, and most cars can idle for at least 6-10 hours on a full tank of gas, of not well more.