orbit is a different question than space. at what point are you considering earth to end, and space begin or visa versa. it is not quite cut and dry. before the astronauts, Colonel Joe Kittinger jumped from a foil balloon exelsior III from over 100,000 (stratosphere?) feet and fell for over 4 minutes breaking the sound barrier with his body. he paved the way for all of the space programs, without him would not exist.