So are we special because we're Americans?
http://www.ask.com/wiki/Manifest_destiny?qsrc=3044
In the United States in the 19th century, Manifest destiny was the widely held belief that American settlers were destined to expand across the continent. The belief has been described as follows:
Historians have for the most part agreed that there are three basic themes to Manifest Destiny. 1. The special virtues of the American people and their institutions; 2. America's mission to redeem and remake the world in the image of America; 3. A divine destiny under God's direction to accomplish this wonderful task.[sup]
[1]
Historian
Frederick Merk said this concept was born out of "A sense of mission to redeem the Old World by high example [...] generated by the potentialities of a new earth for building a new heaven".[sup]
[2][/sup] Historian
Daniel Walker Howe wrote, "Nevertheless American imperialism did not represent an American consensus; it provoked bitter dissent within the national polity."
[3][/sup] That is, most Democrats strongly supported Manifest Destiny and most Whigs strongly opposed it.
Manifest destiny provided the rhetorical tone for the largest acquisition of U.S. territory. It was used by United States)">Democrats in the 1840s to justify the
war with Mexico and it was also used to divide half of Oregon with Great Britain. But Manifest destiny always limped along because of its internal limitations and the issue of slavery, said Merk. It never became a national priority. By 1843
John Quincy Adams, originally a major supporter, had changed his mind and repudiated Manifest Destiny because it meant the expansion of slavery in Texas.
Historian William E. Weeks has noted that three key themes were usually touched upon by advocates of manifest destiny:
[list type=decimal]
[*]
the virtue of the American people and their institutions;
[*]
the mission to spread these institutions, thereby redeeming and remaking the world in the image of the United States;
the destiny under God to do this work.[sup]
[20][/sup]
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The origin of the first theme, later known as
American Exceptionalism, was often traced to America's
Puritan heritage, particularly
John Winthrop's famous "
City upon a Hill" sermon of 1630, in which he called for the establishment of a virtuous community that would be a shining example to the
Old World. In his influential 1776 pamphlet
Common Sense,
Thomas Paine echoed this notion, arguing that the
American Revolution provided an opportunity to create a new, better society:
We have it in our power to begin the world over again. A situation, similar to the present, hath not happened since the days of Noah until now. The birthday of a new world is at hand...
Many Americans agreed with Paine, and came to believe that the United States' virtue was a result of its special experiment in freedom and democracy. Thomas Jefferson, in a letter to James Monroe, wrote that "it is impossible not to look forward to distant times when our rapid multiplication will expand itself beyond those limits, and cover the whole northern, if not the southern continent."[sup]
[21] To Americans in the decades that followed their proclaimed freedom for mankind, embodied in the Declaration of Independence, could only be described as the inauguration of "a new time scale" because the world would look back and define history as events that took place before, and after, the Declaration of Independence.
[22][/sup] It followed that American owed to the world an obligation to expand and preserve these beliefs.
The second theme's origination is less precise. A popular expression America's mission was elaborated by President
Abraham Lincoln's description, in his December 1, 1862 message to Congress. He described the United States "the last, best hope of Earth" The "mission" of the United States was elaborated on in Lincoln's
Gettysburg Address, in which he interpreted the
Civil War as a struggle to determine if any nation with democratic ideals could survive, has been called by historian Robert Johannsen "the most enduring statement of America's Manifest Destiny and mission".[sup]
[23]
The third theme can be viewed as a natural outgrowth of the belief that God had a direct influence in the foundation and further actions of the United States. Clinton Rossiter, a scholar, described this view as summing "that God, at the proper stage in the march of history, called forth certain hardy souls from the old and privilege-ridden nations...and that in bestowing His grace He also bestowed a peculiar responsibility". Americans presupposed that they were not only divinely elected to maintaining the North American continent but "spread abroad the fundamental principles stated in the Bill of Rights".
[24][/sup] In many cases, this meant neighboring colonial holdings and countries were seen as obstacles not the destiny God had provided the United States.