Originally Posted by WangoTango
There is no formula. Spectrum is only the color of the bulb which has nothing to do with wattage or how much light is produced. You're right, penetration is not measured in watts, it's measured as PAR, but a 400w halide will give you more PAR than a comparable 250w, which is why there are guidelines to follow if you're using them for your tank; 175 up to 20" 250w up to 24" and 400w over that.
Like I said before, WPG is obsolete. You said that it does not matter what type of lighting you use if you have at least 4wpg. This is not true. A four bulb (individually reflected) T5 setup will produce more PAR than a dual 150w halide setup. On a 55 the T5 would give you about 3.9wpg, the halides would give you about 5, but the PAR is higher with the T5, and you're getting it with fewer watts. You can put all the PC bulbs you can fit and you still wouldn't get the same results.
-Justin
Agreed...
If the penetrating output of the buld is sub par (no pun intended) 50 lamps will not make it penetrate any more. The bulb is not efficient enough to penetrate the water, and there is a lot of wasted energy. CF lighting has the least amount of lumens per watt available, thus reducing its PAR value. Lacking the proper reflectors due to bulb size, also prohibits this type of lighting from being more efficient.