I was wrong, it isn't deadly in large numbers at all
Irukandji jellyfish are very small, with a bell about one centimeter wide and four tentacles, which range in length from just a few centimeters to up to 35 cm in length.[6] The stingers (nematocysts) are in clumps, appearing as rings of small red dots around the bell and along the tentacles.[6]
Very little is known about the life cycle and venom of Irukandji jellyfish. This is partly because they are too small and sufficiently fragile to require special handling and containment.[1] Its venom is very powerful, 100 times as potent as that of a cobra, and 1000 times as potent as that of a tarantula. Researchers conjecture that its venom possesses such potency to enable it to quickly stun its prey, which consists of small and fast fish. Judging from statistics, it is believed that the Irukandji syndrome may be produced by several species of jellyfish, but only Carukia barnesi and Malo kingi have so far been proven to cause the syndrome
Irukandji syndrome is produced by a very small amount of venom and includes severe pains at various parts of the body (typically excruciating muscle cramps in the arms and legs, severe pain in the back and kidneys, a burning sensation of the skin and face), headaches, nausea, restlessness, sweating, vomiting, an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, and psychological phenomena such as the feeling of impending death. The syndrome is in part caused by release of catecholamines.[6] The venom contains a sodium channel modulator.[6]
The sting itself is only moderately irritating; the severe syndrome is delayed for 5–120 minutes (30 minutes on average). The symptoms range from hours to weeks, and victims usually require hospitalization. As with box jellyfish, vinegar will deactivate unfired nematocysts on the skin, but has no effect on the venom already in the body.[9] Treatment is symptomatic, with antihistamines and anti-hypertensive drugs used to control inflammation and hypertension and intravenous opiates, such as morphine and fentanyl, to control the pain.[9] Magnesium sulfate has been used to reduce pain and hypertension in Irukandji syndrome,[10] although it has had no effect in other cases.[11]
Irukandji are usually found near the coast, attracted by the warmer water, but blooms have been seen as far as five kilometres offshore. When properly treated, a single sting is normally not fatal, but two people in Australia are believed to have died from Irukandji stings in 2002,[12][13] greatly increasing public awareness of Irukandji syndrome. It is unknown how many other deaths from Irukandji syndrome have been wrongly attributed to other causes. It is also unknown which jellyfish species can cause Irukandji syndrome apart from Carukia barnesi and Malo kingi.[14]
The average jellyfish has stingers only on its tentacles, but the Irukandji also has stingers on its bell. Biologists have yet to know the purpose of this unique characteristic. They hypothesize that the feature enables the jellyfish to be more likely to catch its prey of small fish.
A jellyfish stinger works like a long sock turned inside out and coiled like a spring. When the stingers are triggered, they are pulled right side out and uncoiled in a fraction of a second, launching themselves into the flesh of the "attacker" that touched the jellyfish. These millions of microscopic, prolonged stingers then excrete venom only from its tip, which causes a delayed pain reaction. When the enemy pulls away, the stingers are torn off the tentacles of the jellyfish, and they remain in the body of the attacker.
What the irukandji does differently from other box jellyfish species is that it has the ability to fire stingers from the tips and inject venom. Currently, it is not known whether this is for some special purpose.[8]