They only elements I see all over the place is mg, ca, alk, and strontium within sps tanks. Lighting of coarse being the big factor
NSW contain 74 plus other elements that ASW does not contain.
I believe this chemistry topic is better suited for Henry and Joe IMO.
But if your looking for how the specimens use these elements as a biological factor, I would assume the same way our bodies use everything up as fuel, energy, immune defences, and cell production.
Unfortunately, research to aquaria is lacking. Most studies of of these elements as it relates to growth and toxicity are directed toward organisms in natural settings like the ocean, and not our reef systems. Unfortunately for reefkeepers, the conditions in reef tanks may be sufficiently different than in the ocean as a majority of hobbyists synthetic salt mixes. In a situation such as this, I think it best if hobbyists understand the scientific basis for these various elements, and with observation, can then use the information to make up their own minds as to its importance.